Diabetes insipidus
Introduction
- Diabetes is a general term used to describe disorders characterized by polydipsia and polyruia that is not the result of voluntary over ingestion of water. Diabetes insipidus refers to that group of diseases that are associated with lack of production of vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) or a resistance to its actions.
- Psychogenic water-drinking, renal medullary washout, and renal disease are more common causes of polyuria and polydipsia in the horse.
- Water requirements in the normal horse have been estimated at 40-60 ml/kg bodyweight (BW)/day.
- Diabetes insipidus can be divided into central and peripheral (or nephrogenic) disorders.
- Signs : increased water consumption and urination, excessively wet stall or bedding. Often owners mistake pollakiuria (increased frequency of urination) for increased volume of urination (polyuria).
- Diagnosis : can be made on the basis of a urine specific gravity <1.007 and the responses to a water-deprivation test and administration of vasopressin.
- Treatment : administration of vasopressin; restriction of water +/- diuretics.
- Prognosis : very poor.
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
- Psychogenic water-drinking.
- Chronic interstitial nephritis.
- Diabetes mellitus.
- Iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism.
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